Tech Support
IoT Security: Key Internet of Things Trend for 2023
IoT Security: Key Internet of Things Trend for 2023
2023 will see increasing recognition and action taken on the integral issue of security in Internet of Things networking. As the Internet of Thin
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Posted by George Hardesty on 15th Jan 2023
Senet Network
What is the Senet Network?
The Senet network is a US-based public Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) that serves Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M) applications. It is the large
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Posted by George Hardesty on 3rd Jan 2023
Wireless / WiFi for Boats and Marinas
Ubiquiti Bullet versions compared (w/ details for Boat or RV)
BulletM2 Titanium has much the same radio specs as the BulletM2HP plus it has extreme weatherproofing and comes with a POE 2
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Posted by George Hardesty on 26th Aug 2022
Ubiquiti Outdoor Wireless Links and Networks
Ubiquiti airMAX: TDMA using pre-designated time slots
airMAX™ is Ubiquiti's primary platform / protocol, and is mostly on their outdoor access points and bridges AirMax 802.11n products:
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Posted by George Hardesty on 24th Aug 2022
Mimosa Bridges for Long Range Wireless Links
Effect of a double-slant (45 degree) antenna offset, on Mimosa B5c
In the presence of rain, vertically polarized waves attenuate less than horizontal polarized waves. Rotating the vertical pola
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Posted by George Hardesty on 24th Aug 2022
Set-up and Troubleshooting of WiFi USB Adapters
START PAGE for Set-up & Troubleshooting of WiFi USB Adapters
Install the wireless card's client software & drivers before attempting any steps on this page.
IF THE USB ADAPTE
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Posted by George Hardesty on 16th Aug 2022
Network Setup and Configuration
The information on this page list various scenarios and customer questions regarding Network Setup Configurations along with various other Top Tips:
WiFi network on
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Posted by George Hardesty on 16th Aug 2022
Point to Multi-Point Wireless Links
WiFi Bridges: Point-to-Point & Point-to-Multipoint Links
WIFi Bridges are used for point-to-point links and point to multipoint links.
Long-distance point to point links: Ubiquiti offers sever
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 16th Aug 2022
Point to Point Wireless Links
WiFi Bridges: Point-to-Point & Point-to-Multipoint Links
WIFi Bridges are used for point-to-point links and point to multipoint links
Long-distance point to point links: Ubiquiti offers s
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 16th Aug 2022
Dual Polarity Antennas & MIMO (carrier-grade antennas)
Characteristics of Dual Polarity Antennas:Have horizontal and vertical antennas in a same antenna.Antennas of dual polarity are high-speed, bandwidth for VOIP and streaming mediaOptimized for high den
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Posted by George Hardesty on 15th Aug 2022
UHF Connectors: Specifications and Applications
UHF Connectors:
The Ultra High-Frequency (UHF) connector is a threaded coaxial connector that was developed in the 1930s by engineers at Amphenol. They name these connectors at a time when the
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Posted by George Hardesty on 16th Jul 2022
DISH and FreedomFi Collaborate with Helium to Deliver a 5G CBRS Hotspot Network
DISH and FreedomFi: The DISH Network Corporation has announced a collaboration with the open 5G networking company FreedomFi to develop a novel 5G network that uses the Citizens Broadband Radio S
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Posted by George Hardesty on 3rd Jan 2022
Key IoT Trends for 2022 and Beyond: Multiple Radio Access Technology (Multi-RAT)
Internet of Things Trends:
The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things including almost every industry and across global infrastructure is catalyzing what many have described as an exponent
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Posted by George Hardesty on 22nd Dec 2021
Key IoT trends for 2022 and beyond: Distributed Antenna Systems
One of the main challenges encountered in implementing
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Posted by George Hardesty on 2nd Dec 2021
Helium Miners - Frequency Bands and Antenna Connector Types.
Helium Miners:
Helium has approved a number of third-party manufactured hotspots which are primarily available in the US and Europe, operating in the 915 and 868 MHz frequency bands. Many of t
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 26th Oct 2021
Pocv11 and Its Implications for Helium Antenna Parameters
PoCV11 Implications:
The Helium Network Proof of Coverage (PoC) algorithm is due to be updated by October 18th, 2021. This upcoming PoC system is known as PoCv11 and is a significant upgrade to t
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Posted by George Hardesty on 15th Oct 2021
Waterproofing and Weatherproofing: Protecting Outdoor Electronics From the Elements
Waterproofing and Weatherproofing:
People bring electronic devices outdoors very often, from mobile phones to cameras to sound systems. For many, doing so is necessary. Some might not even think
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Posted by George Hardesty on 15th Oct 2021
LongFi: Wireless Technology of the Helium Network
What is LongFi?
LongFi is a proprietary name for the wireless networking protocol used by The
Helium in its deployment of a decentralized peer-to-peer network for the Internet of Things (IoT).
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 28th Sep 2021
LoRaWAN Gateways | A Comprehensive Guide
What is a LoRaWAN gateway?
LoRaWAN gateways or LoRa gateways are radio devices that provide bidirectional connectivity between end nodes such as sensors and IoT devices and the internet. They operat
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Posted by George Hardesty on 24th Sep 2021
Ubiquiti Toughcable Ethernet Cables and Connectors
Ubiquiti TOUGHcable:
TOUGHCable and connectors are better compared to other Ethernet cable brands because of their weather tolerant, long lasting design and their capacity to protect a network ag
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Posted by George Hardesty on 4th Sep 2021
Helium Antennas to Extend the Range of Miners: Bobcat, SenseCAP, LongFi
Helium Antennas Extend Range:
All of our LoRa antennas are Helium antennas: They are compatible with all Helium Network miners / devices in the US and Europe.
See our Helium accessory item
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 25th Aug 2021
Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) for Cellular IoT Networking
Key IoT/5G Trend for 2022 and Beyond: The Citizens Broadband Radio Service
The Citizens Broadband Radio Service is set to revolutionize the fifth generation of cellular communication. Over the
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Posted by George Hardesty on 21st Aug 2021
Edge Computing: Data Processing at Cloud's Edge for Bandwidth Savings and Security
Edge Computing:
One of the key mid-decade trends for the
Internet of Things is its increasingly integrated relationship with Edge Computing. This phenomenon continues the unprecedented
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Posted by George Hardesty on 21st Aug 2021
C-V2X Networking: Cellular Vehicle to Everything: Antennas & Accessories
C-V2X stands for cellular vehicle to everything, a vehicle networking technology that uses the cellular network to enable vehicles to exchange data with other vehicles, transport infrast
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 14th Aug 2021
5G and The Internet of Things: Outlook for 2022 and Beyond
5G and IoT:
2022 marks two years of progress into the fifth decade and generation of cellular networking.
The much anticipated 5G roll-out is currently underway but its transformative effect
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Posted by George Hardesty on 8th Aug 2021
Blockchain IoT: (BCoT) Key Internet of Things Trend for 2022
Blockchain IoT:
The merger between the
Internet of Things and Blockchain is an emerging trend that will show no signs of slowing through 2022 and beyond. In fact, the synthesis of thes
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Posted by George Hardesty on 8th Aug 2021
Helium 5G Network: Cellular data coverage for smartphones and IoT devices
The Helium Network, also known as Helium and The People's Network, is a decentralized, user-supported network that provides sub-Gigahertz connectivity for IoT devices and applications. Thei
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Posted by George Hardesty on 25th Jul 2021
Helium Network Antenna Upgrades, Cables, Mounts, Weatherproofing Gear
Gear to optimize Helium Network Hotspot rangeAntenna upgrades for Helium DevicesData Alliance's 915 MHz antennas and all of our antenna cables and adapters are compatible with all Helium
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Posted by George Hardesty on 20th Jun 2021
Data Alliance Recognized as one of the Top Wireless Companies in Arizona, by Leap Droid
We are pleased to share that
Data Alliance has been recognized as one
of
Arizona's Top Companies Innovating with Wireless Technology by Leap Droid: Leap Droid provides mar
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Posted by George Hardesty on 17th Jun 2021
WiFiBridges for point-to-point links and point to multipoint links
WiFi Bridges are used in the following applications:Long-distance point to point links: Ubiquiti offers several types of bridges that are excellent options:
The PowerBeam series is the best equ
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Posted by George Hardesty on 1st Jun 2021
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Impact on Networking Gear
Static Electricity (ESD / Electrostatic Discharge):
Surge Arrestor is not protective
The surge protector guarding your electronics from lightning strikes and grid surges will not protect your eq
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Posted by George Hardesty on 27th Mar 2021
Ground Planes for Vehicle Antennas, GPS Antennas
Ground Planes
Ground planes are a key consideration in the design, mounting, and performance of GPS antennas and other types of vehicle antennas. Though they are not necessary for every GPS an
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 24th Mar 2021
SAW filters for GPS Antennas - Surface Acoustic Wave
SAW Filters for GPS Antennas:
SAW filters are a key addition to the radio frequency front end of GPS devices and help
ensure that while receivers are sensitive they can retain specificity by sep
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 23rd Mar 2021
BNC cables for Video: 3G-SDI and HD-SDI SMPTE 424M Standard
BNC Cables for Video:
Data
Alliance’s BNC cables made with RG59 and RG179 are compliant with the SMPTE 424M standard for 3G-SDI and HD-SDI video systems.
SMPTE-compliant
BNC
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Posted by George Hardesty on 22nd Mar 2021
BNC cables for MADI Digital Audio Standard: RG59 and RG179
75-Ohm BNC cables for Digital Audio
Our BNC cables made with RG59 and RG179 are compliant with the MADI digital audio standard that is capable of supporting multiple channels of digital audio.MAD
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Posted by George Hardesty on 22nd Mar 2021
Sierra Wireless MC7455 module
Sierra Wireless MC7455 module
The MC7455 is a high-speed
4G wireless M2M module that can be embedded in a motherboard, mini-PCI to M.2 adapter, or printed circuit assembly to deliver wireles
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Posted by George Hardesty on 17th Mar 2021
LTE Cellular Data Connectivity for Digital Signage
LTE Cellular Data Connectivity for Digital SignageAdvantages of LTE cellular connectivity for digital signage:
Media content providers can use a performance LTE router to provide the necessary
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Posted by George Hardesty on 17th Mar 2021
LTE / 4G Routers Guide
Long Term Evolution (LTE) routers or 4G routers are a type of network router that can provide mobile broadband internet connectivity to devices via a WiFi, Ethernet, or USB connection. The
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Posted by George Hardesty on 12th Mar 2021
Sierra Wireless Card / Module MC7455, its Development Kit & five SMA connectors
The Development Kit is for LTE product development and has a single PCI slot for the MC7455 card. The Kit is used for developing hardware applications that require LTE connectivity (Io
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Posted by George Hardesty on 22nd Feb 2021
RFID Tags & Readers: How an RFID system works
RFID Tags and Readers:
Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is an Automatic Identification and Data Capture technology that uses electromagnetic fields for the automated identification and t
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Posted by George Hardesty on 6th Feb 2021
UHF RFID Industrial Tags: Key Types
UHF RFID Tags:
UHF RFID industrial tags include high temperature resistant tags, anti-acid and alkali tags, and miniature metal tags.
For industrial M2M & IoT solutions such as:
Inventor
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 6th Feb 2021
RG59 Coax for BNC Cables: Best for CCTV: 75 Ohm
RG 59 cable assemblies with BNC connectorKey applications of this cable include:
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV): RG-59 cable has demonstrable performance for analog video and is a cable of ch
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Posted by George Hardesty on 13th Dec 2020
BNC Cables 50 Ohm & 75 Ohm Distinctions, Applications, Connectors
50 Ohm and 75 Ohm are Two Distinct Types of BNC Connectors & Cables
BNC cables and connectors are manufactured in 50 Ohm and 75 Ohm specification versions. 75-ohm cables can also be effectively
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 9th Dec 2020
Bend Radiuses of U.FL Cables' Coax Types: 1.13, 1.32, 1.37, RG174, RG178
RG 178 Coax Cable:
It is often necessary to use very thin and flexible coax for U.FL cables, even though the more flexible options have the most signal loss.
The more flexible the coax, the more
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 22nd Nov 2020
Antenna Jacks: U.FL, MHF4, RP-SMA, SMA: Add/Upgrade Antenna to Vastly Increase Range
Antenna Jacks
Antenna Jacks are radio frequency connectors that are usually fixed on or housed within radio equipment. They facilitate the mechanically and electrically secure connection of an anten
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 30th Sep 2020
Directional Antennas: Longer Range / High Gain by narrowing the beam
Directional Antennas
Directional Antennas provide much better link quality than omni-directional antennas, which have a 360-degree pattern. Antennas for long-range point-to-point and point to m
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 24th Sep 2020
LTE & GSM Bands: Frequency Allocations 4G & 3G
LTE BAND # (FDD)
UPLINK (MHz)
DOWNLINK (MHz)
1
1920 - 1980
2110 - 2170
2
1850 - 1910
1930
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 24th Sep 2020
Cellular Wireless Technologies: 5G, LTE / 4G, GSM / 3G, 2G and 6G
Cellular networking has become essential for
the high throughput data transfer needed to support not only communication and
entertainment but commercial and industrial activity. In this art
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 11th Sep 2020
Top Tips for Cellular Signal Improvement: LTE / 4G, GSM / 3G Wireless
Why do I have a poor cellular signal?Diminished cellular connectivity may be due to one or a combination of these common causes:
[A] Being too far away from a cell-tower: Cell towers are
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Posted by George Hardesty on 11th Sep 2020
Antenna Cables: Definitions of Components and Terms
AAmerican Wire Gauge (AWG) is a wire gauging system
used in electronics that works on a logarithmic scale. As the AWG number
increases the actual cable cross-sectional diameter decreases. It may als
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 26th Aug 2020
WiFi: A Complete Guide: 802.11 Standards & Key Components
This quick guide provides a comprehensive overview of WiFi networking as well as
useful tips and tricks to assist you in optimizing the performance of your WiFi-based networking.
Common ty
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Posted by George Hardesty on 24th Aug 2020
WiFi: Top Tips To Boost Your Signal Strength & Performance
Get the most out of your WiFi network with these top 11 tips to boost Wi-Fi connectivity.1. Add external WiFi antennas:
External antennas added to a router or access point may be able to no
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Posted by George Hardesty on 24th Aug 2020
WiFi Channels: Complete Guide with Tips to Boost Signal Performance
WiFi Channels: Complete Guide
Channel planning will help you get the best WiFi connection.
Using non-overlapping channels can boost WiFi network performance.
What are the best WiFi chan
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 24th Aug 2020
Spatial Diversity Overcomes Multi-Path Interference | Wireless Links Over Water
Spatial Diversity:
Spatial diversity is a useful feature for overcoming multi-path interference. By providing spatial diversity, the radio's internal circuitry can select between the two re
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 25th Jul 2020
5GHz Wireless Frequency: Properties, Applications & Comparison to 2.4GHz WiFi
What is the 5GHz frequency?
This is a frequency at which electromagnetic energy can be transferred from one
point to another in waves. One gigahertz is equal to one billion Hertz, which
measur
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Posted by George Hardesty on 25th Jul 2020
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Networking Protocol for Internet of Things
Bluetooth Low Energy
BLE stands for Bluetooth Low Energy and is also known as Bluetooth Smart. It is a variant of Bluetooth, a wireless protocol and short-link radio technology developed in the lat
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 25th Jul 2020
GPS antennas: Key Physical and Electrical Characteristics
What is a GPS antenna?
A GPS antenna is a radio frequency antenna that provides
connectivity with the Global Positioning System, a proprietary, satellite-based radio navigation system designed, c
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 25th Jul 2020
Fresnel Zone: Key for Long Range WiFi Links
Fresnel Zone:
The wireless or Wi-Fi Signal Travels in a shape like an Ellipse and the Fresnel Zone is the lower part of the Ellipse.
The Fresnel zone is the elliptical shape created between
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 25th Jul 2020
ZigBee Antennas: Frequencies, Types, Applications
ZigBee Antennas:
A ZigBee antenna is a radio frequency antenna that can send or receive radio waves in accordance
with the
ZigBee technology standard IEEE 802.15.4. They perform a critical ro
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 25th Jul 2020
C-V2X and DSRC: Connected car / Autonomous Vehicle Technologies
C-V2X and DSRC:
The development and implementation of connected car and autonomous vehicle technology is currently accelerating and carries with it the expectation of a major transformation of ho
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 15th Jul 2020
Antenna Radiation Patterns: H-Plane, E-Plane, XY XZ YZ Planes
Antenna Radiation Patterns:
This article explains radiation patterns, detailing how polarization (linear and vertical) relates to the E-Plane and H-Plane, and how XY, XZ and YZ planes correspond
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 19th Apr 2020
1.37mm Low-Loss Cable for U.FL Connectors
Low-Loss Coaxial Cable:
1.37mm coaxial cable has similar
signal loss as RG174 and RG178, but is thinner and more flexible: It has same size conductor as RG178 cable, but smaller overall diam
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 4th Mar 2020
GPS Applications in IoT (Internet of Things)
Key Characteristics of GPS make it critical to a variety of Mobile IoT Solutions.Location of objects: GPS uses its proprietary constellation of military satellites to provide locating data for objects
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 3rd Mar 2020
RG58 Compared to LMR-200 & LMR-100 Coax: Shielding & Signal Loss
RG58 Coaxial Cable:
RG58, LMR-100 and LMR-200 all have the following characteristics in common:
50 Ohm impedance
A weather-resilient polyethylene (PE) dielectric
PVC outer jacket
Str
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 12th Nov 2019
RG174 compared to LMR-100 Coax : Shielding and Signal Loss
RG174 and LMR-100 Coax Cable:
RG174 and LMR100 Both are compatible with Wi-Fi, Cellular, and most IoT wireless applications.
LMR-100 is double-shielded and suitable for outdoor as well as ind
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 7th Nov 2019
U.FL Cables Coax Types Compared: 1.13mm, 1.32mm, 1.37mm, RG174, RG178
U.FL Cables Compared:
1.13mm coaxial cable is the most commonly-used coax for U.FL cables - especially short cables. 1.13 is the only coax that can be used with MHF4 cables.
When connecting U
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 6th Nov 2019
Maximum Input Power Rating of Antennas
Antenna Maximum Input Power Rating:
Maximum Input Power is defined as: The maximum amount of power (voltage given in Watts) that is able to be transmitted to a single antenna without damage to the
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 6th Nov 2019
LMR-200 cable specifications / characteristics
LMR-200 Coax Cable:
LMR-200 "Low loss cable" differs from RG58 and other coax standards by double shielding and less attenuation (signal loss in the cable) than the standard cables (e.
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 27th Oct 2019
LMR-100 Coax for Antenna Cables: Shielding & Structure
LMR-100 Coax Cable:
LMR-100 is a low loss, double-shielded coaxial cable type that is Data Alliance's standard for short versions of antenna cables with all of the following connector types: RP-S
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 20th Oct 2019
Double Shielding of Antenna Cables for Low Signal Loss
Interference and Cable Shielding
Shielding protects against both leakage and absorption of stray radiation of electrical noise by cables.
Electrical "signal noise" interferes with the operation o
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 20th Oct 2019
Antenna Polarization: Vertical, Linear: Key Factor in Selection of an Antenna
Antenna Polarization:Polarity is a key electrical characteristic to be considered when selecting an antenna. Like-matched antennas in an RF set-up will have optimal power or signal transfer in point-t
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 11th Oct 2019
Antenna Beamwidth
Beamwidth of an Antenna:
Beamwidth is the angle from which the majority of the antenna’s power, as illustrated on the radiation pattern's main lobe, radiates. It may be measured in the horizontal
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 11th Oct 2019
FPV (First Person View) Antennas for Drones
FPV Antennas for Drones:
FPV (First Person View), are remotely controlled vehicles from a pilot’s or drivers point of view. They include unmanned aerial vehicles such as drones and ground vehicles s
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 11th Oct 2019
Nickel and Gold-Plated Brass Compared as Platings for Antenna Cable Connectors and Adapters
Rust Proofing and Corrosion-Protection: Best Options Among Nickel, Gold-Plated Brass & Brass Alloys:
For outdoor applications, Nickel-Plated Brass is the best option.
Nickel-plated brass one is
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 2nd Oct 2019
RFID Wireless Technologies, Frequencies and Applications in IoT
Wireless Technologies used in RFID applications
RFID transmits across three main frequency ranges on the electromagnetic spectrum.
The low frequency band of 120-150kHz is used for basic ident
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 21st Sep 2019
LTE-M - Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for IoT
LTE-M for IoT
LTE-M also known as Long Term Evolution for Machines, LTE-Machine Type Communication or eMTC is a form of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) developed by 3GPP to support
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 19th Sep 2019
RoHS 3 Compliance of Coaxial Antenna Cables , Connectors and Adapters
RoHS 3 Compliancy
All of Data Alliance’s antenna cables and adapters for antenna cables, are compliant with RoHS 3 and REACH.
Our antenna cable connectors and adapters' composition is mainly of
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 18th Sep 2019
M2M Communication & mMTC - Massive Machine-Type Communication
M2M Communication:
Machine to Machine Communication, also abbreviated as M2M is a modality of communication between machines or devices without any human interaction or control. These devic
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 14th Sep 2019
NarrowBand-Internet of Things (NB-IoT)
NB-IoT:
NB-IoT is a wireless IoT protocol using Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology, and that uses licensed frequency bands. The range is up to three miles under normal/typical cond
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 13th Sep 2019
Front to Back Ratio: Directivity of Antenna to Reduce Interference
Antenna Directivity:
Front to Back Ratio Applies to Directional Antennas Only
Front to Back Ratio Defined and Explained
The measure of directivity of a directional antenna: It i
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 7th Sep 2019
Alfa AWUS036H: Does not auto-renew IP address when you change networks
Very good insight into the Alfa AWUS036H card: Sent to us by customer Troy Wilson.
If you connect the first time to any signal at all, the IP address of that connection will appear in t
… read more
Posted by Troy Wilson on 26th May 2019
45-degree Slant Antenna Polarization Overcomes Interference and Issue w/ Dual-Polarization
45-degree Slant Antenna Polarization:
Signals received at base station
antennas are typically elliptically polarized in a way more like vertical polarization than horizontal polarization.
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 19th May 2019
Use USB cable(s) to place WiFi adapter outside for line-of-site (negligible signal loss in cable)
USB Cables for WiFiUSB Cables for Wi-Fi Adapters are a much better choice than standard coax Antenna Cables because antenna cables (coax) lose a lot of signal-strength. USB cables lose little sign
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 19th May 2019
VSWR: Impedance Matching in Antennas & Antenna Cables
VSWR Explained:
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is a key Indicator of antenna performance (along with gain/dBi): The lower the VSWR, the more efficient the antenna.
VSWR is a measure of
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 18th May 2019
50-Micro-Inch Gold Plating on RJ45 Connectors & Jacks: Up to 4X Throughput Increase
50-Micro-Inch Gold Plating
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 12th May 2019
dBi, dB, dBm dB(mW): Defined, Explained and Differentiated
dBi Values Explained:
dBi = dB(isotropic): The forward gain of an antenna, measured in decibels (dBi), The dBi value reflects the antenna's directional / beamwidth characteristics, i.e., di
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 27th Apr 2019
Operate 2 Antennas from One Radio: Use a "Power Divider" or "Antenna Combiner" - NOT a T-adapter
Power Divider / Antenna Combiner:
Do not use a "T connection" to get one AP to service two antennas: This causes many problems, further described below. By "T connection," we mean T-adapter to combin
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 26th Apr 2019
5G, 4G & 3G Standards: LTE, GSM CDMA, ISM, WCDMA, HSPA
5G - 4G - 3G Standards:
LTE (4G), GSM (3G & 2G), CDMA (3G & 2G), 5G and ISM. The fundamental differences between these four modern technologies is the way they transmit and receive i
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 12th Apr 2019
LoRa: Long Range Wireless for Internet of Things (IOT): Frequency Bands, Antennas
Long Range Wireless (LoRa):
LoRa is a French wireless networking standard currently owned and developed by the Californian company Semtech and overseen by the LoRa Alliance. The protocol outl
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 12th Apr 2019
If Antenna frequency band exceeds needed range: Use Filter on system board to reduce excess band
Antenna Frequency Exceeds Range:
Example: You need only 860-960 MHz GSM band but the antenna covers 800-960MHz: One customer told us that using an antenna that includes 824-960 band allows
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 12th Apr 2019
ZigBee for Internet of Things (IOT). ZigBee Antennas
ZigBee Antennas:
ZigBee has many similarities to Bluetooth but is simpler and cheaper to operate.
Simpler and lower-cost alternative to Bluetooth for IoT (Internet of Things) applications:
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 7th Apr 2019
dBm to Watt Conversion Table
Upgrading your antenna, even just a small increment in dBm, makes a HUGE impact on the range of your device:
(dbm is logarithmic and mw is linear.)
dBm
0
1
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 31st Mar 2019
ISM Band of Frequencies and Allocation
Industrial, Scientific and Medical Frequency Band
ISM means Industrial, Scientific and Medical frequency band. This is a band of radio and microwave frequencies clustered around 2.4GHz, reserved
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 31st Mar 2019
Definitions: Wireless & WiFi Terms
Wireless and WiFi Definitions:
Access Point (Wireless Access Point): Often referred to as a "wireless router:" Stationary radio station that has a connection to the Internet. Other names for th
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 30th Mar 2019
Legal & Illegal Frequencies & Channels In the United States
LEGAL & ILLEGAL Frequencies 4.9GHz to 5.825
(United States only)
Channel
Frequency
United States
(MHz)
40/20 MHz
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 30th Mar 2019
LMR-400 Coax Specifications / Characteristics: Lowest Signal Loss in Its Class
LMR-400 Coax Cable:
Structure: LMR-400 is a 50-ohm coaxial cable that was originally made to replace lower quality coax cables such as the RG-8. The 400 represents the cable diameter. The LMR-4
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 22nd Mar 2019
CLF-100 Coax Specifications / Characteristics. Comparison to LMR-100
CLF-100 Coax Cable:
CLF-100 and LMR-100 have the same structure and shielding
CLF-100 "Low loss cable" differs from RG174 and other coax standards by
double shielding and the resulting l
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 21st Mar 2019
IoT (Internet of Things) Wireless Protocols and Their Frequency Bands
Internet of Things (IoT):
IoT (Internet of Things) is a growing network of objects, devices and machines each able to communicate with the other using a wireless network to access the Internet
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 18th Mar 2019
Signal Loss (Attenuation) in LMR-100 & LMR-200 Cables Five to Ten Feet in Length
Six feet is not too long for the LMR-100 and LMR-100-equivalent cable that we use for shorter
antenna cables.
However, it is right at the threshold at which we would recommend that yo
… read more
Posted by George Hardesty on 18th Mar 2019
